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This year I thought I would honour Wendy Watkins a founder with Ernie Boyko of the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) in Canada on for Ada Lovelace Day.

Wendy Watkins

In Canada our census data is sold back to us under a cost recovery program initiated by the Brian Mulroney Conservative Government in the early 1980s.  In fact, the Conservatives of that day also tried to Cancel the census but alas the constitution prevented them for doing so and instead they cut Statistics Canada’s budget severely which instituted a very regressive cost recovery practice.  The prices were so high that not only could citizens not afford to use their own data, universities encouraged students to use free US census data since they did not have the resources to pay for Canadian census data.  During those years, Canadians became experts on the US and not on Canada.

It is through the hard work of Wendy Watkins, her collaborators, data & map & research librarians that Canadian universities now have Census data for faculty and students along with associated census geographic files.  I had the good fortune as a student to benefit from the DLI.  Here is an excerpt from one of Wendy’s papers about the history of the DLI:

In April 1993, after receipt of the “Liberation Paper,” the Social Science Federation of Canada (SSFC) hosted a meeting with representatives from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC), the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL), the Canadian Association of Public Data Users (CAPDU) and other interested parties to devise a strategy to make Canadian data more readily available to the education and research communities. The meeting resulted in the striking of a smaller working group, under the aegis of the SSFC, to devise a plan that would be acceptable to all parties. Statistics Canada and the DSP [Depository Service Program] played advisory roles in this process. While the initiative has involved government in an advisory role, it is unique in that it was conceived and developed by members of the Canadian research community.

The working group, consisting of researchers, representatives from CARL and CAPDU, as well as members of the SSFC, held a series of meetings over the next months. Advice from both Statistics Canada and the Depository Services Program was invited and found to be invaluable. When the group had formulated a working document to which both Statistics Canada and the DSP agreed, meetings were arranged with senior management in several government departments. The SSFC also met with Ministers and their executive assistants in order to move the proposal forward. Finally, in December 1995, the DLI had received a strong enough informal blessing that the project was deemed to be a go. Letters of agreement were distributed and data began to be released.

More officially, the DLI received approval by the Treasury Board Ministers in a February 1996 decision. It was subsequently included as part of the federal government’s Science and Technology Strategy in March. Most recently, in October 1996, it was officially announced by Dr. John Gerard, Minister of State for Science and Technology at a press conference held in conjunction with National Science and Technology Week and the 30th anniversary of Carleton University’s Data Centre. ( Data Liberation and Academic Freedom, 1996).

The DLI not only fueled Canadian research, it promoted academic freedom, advanced data driven informed decision-making and created a new class of librarian called data librarians and also data centres in libraries.  Data also became artifacts to be collected in libraries, which added a new practice of adding digital material in a catalog along with hard copy books on shelves, the DLI spurred the early adoption of the Internet with the use of basic FTP protocols to transfer data from Statistics Canada and university libraries, and it was the forerunner in the acquisition of digital materials.  The DLI also promoted collaboration between universities and government via a consortium agreement that has been embraced by other organizations such as the Community Social Data Strategy.  Finally, the DLI also accelerated a new type of expertise in data metadata, data catalogs, data citation and data preservation (b).

Today there is a very vibrant DLI community of practice that shares knowledge on a yearly basis at DLI Bootcamps, maintains a repository of training materials, an active blog Data Interests Group for Reference Services and actively exchanges expertise on a DLILIST listserv.

The DLI also politicized access to data very early on and in a sense they began the discourse on data access in Canada.  The cancellation of the 2011 Census being one of the big issues DLI supporters took on.  Further Wendy Watkins and her colleagues participate in key roundtable discussions on access to research data, the preservation of data and develop important infrastructures that disseminate Canadian Data.

Data users and Canadians can thank Wendy for being on the vanguard of open data, open government and data liberation in Canada and for building an incredible cadre of data literate librarians, faculty and students.  Open Data initiatives in Canada can benefit from her work and should recognize Wendy as one of their data access pioneers.  Now we just need to have a census and for those data to be cost free to the public.

Some Watkins’ Papers:

Take Away: Understanding of the history of the Canadian census. The use of census data through Canadian history and the effects of changing census data collection methods.
Objective: Understanding the following: what a national census is; the history of the Canadian national census; effects of changes to the 2010 long form; survey versus census; where we are and what do we have in May 2011. Methods: lecture and presentation Results: increase awareness of what comprises census data and how it is used by Canadians (individuals, researchers, business, governments, libraries who serve these users) Conclusions: If the Census 2011 is vastly different from previous national census’, what alternative resources are available for libraries and their users?
Description: The long form census was changed in the summer of 2010 to a long form survey. What are the long term effects of this change for Canadians (individuals, researchers, business, governments, libraries) who use census data.

This is a guest post by Mark Weiler:

It’s with great pleasure that OpenGovernmentRecords.net announces the launch of the video “Canada’s Access to Information Act: An Epic Introduction

The video begins with a brief overview of the Access to Information Act, which is a mystery to most Canadians. The video then removes some of the mystery by providing an example of an order for documents filed through the Access to Information Act. The video then replaces the “mystery of not knowing ATI” with the “wonder of using ATI” by opening a door to a world of FOI magic, mages, dragon’s, and re/quests! The video includes a movie titled “Re/quest”, which is about the greatest Freedom of Information Legislation mage on her first re/quest into an unknown world — the Federal Other World. Join her as she crosses scorching deserts, lush forests, and frigid mountains to find in the Federal Other World materials that some adults in This World might be able to use to learn the magic of freedom of information legislation!

The video and movie were made with creative works – music, industry quality computer animation, and images – released through the Creative Commons. The video and movie are released through a Creative Commons Attribute 2.5 license which means you are free to remix and distribute them, even for commercial purposes.

Watch the trailer to the movie “Re/quest” and/or the full epic introduction.

The video and movie are intended for civically-minded adults with a creative spirit.

Mark Weiler
OpenGovernmentRecords.net

L’image globale: Qu’est-ce qu’il y a de neuf dans le monde des données

Atelier national de formation de l’IDD – session d’ouverture

À tous les jours on retrouve de l’innovation dans le monde des données : le web sémantique, l’informatique en nuage, la visualisation, la cartographie, les portails, les infrastructures de données géospatiales, etc.  Cette partie de la journée de formation portera  sur les nouvelles initiatives canadiennes concernant l’accès public aux données en mettant l’accent sur ??la transparence et les données ouvertes. Dans cette session, les participants/tes seront initiés à la démocratie participative et à l’utilisation des données numériques, aux définitions de données ouvertes et à des exemples de politiques gouvernementales éclairées.  En outre, nous nous pencherons sur ce que certains groupes communautaires font, la direction dans les grandes villes du Canada et dans la province de la Colombie-Britannique par les administrations et les citoyens. Nous traiterons notamment de licences, d’initiatives de données ouvertes, de « hackfest », de « hackathons », d’applications, des défis et des possibilités. Il est espéré que ce survol fournira aux participants/tes un aperçu des nouveautés dans le monde des données publiques au Canada.

The Big Picture: What is new in the Data World

DLI National Training Day – Opening Session

Data innovations happen daily: the semantic web, the cloud, visualization, mapping, sensors, spatial data infrastructures, etc. This portion of the Training Day will focus on recent access to public data initiatives in Canada with an emphasis on open government and open data. In this session participants will be introduced to data and participatory democracy, open data definitions and examples of good government policy. In addition, we will look at what some community groups are doing, the leadership in Canada’s big cities and the Province of BC by administrations and citizens. This will include licenses, open data initiatives, hackfests, hackathons, applications, challenges and opportunities. It is hoped that this overview will provide participants with insight about what is new in the Canadian access to public data world.

CTV News: Internet abuzz with tweets about mandatory census

Globe and Mail: Short-form census stays

This is what is left!

The Globe’s Web-based groups urge youth to get involved in election article about new media and getting youth to vote introduces some interesting tools.  A previous blog post Tools for the Elections has some for grown-ups.  Project Democracy was just launched, its former self Vote for the Environment which was one of my favourite tool during the last few elections.

Youth Voting Tools:

Ci-dessous vous trouverez des extraits des plates-formes électorales des : 1) Libéraux, 2) les Verts 2) Le Bloc et 4) le NPD.  Elles sont dans l’ordre du meilleur au pire. La plate-forme Libérale est la plus développée, les Verts touchent sur les principes des données ouvertes et de nombreux éléments d’un gouvernement transparent, le Bloc inclut l’accès à l’information et du droit d’auteur, le NPD ne mentionne que le droit d’auteur. Je n’ai pas inclus les conservateurs, car la transparence étant l’une de leurs plates-formes la plus importante lors des dernières élections et nous savons tout ce qui s’est passé, opacité, d’annulation du recensement, la décimation des institutions de sciences, les attaques sur le CRTC, droit d’auteur, et etc.

Les Libéraux et les Verts mentionnent les données ouvertes. En ce qui concerne la transparence du gouvernement, les Libéraux sont le seul parti à l’inclure dans leurs plate-forme et ils ont frappé sur toutes les questions : formats, sans frais, l’accès, recensement, la transparence, la reddition de comptes et des actions. Les Verts, par contre citent les données ouvertes dans le cadre d’un gouvernement ouvert, mais pas les aspects organisationnels, la culture et les aspects politiques d’un gouvernement transparent.  Les Verts toutefois incorporent les principes de données ouvertes alors que les Libéraux ne vont pas dans les détails. Le Bloc discute un peu la transparence, mais non encadré dans le concept d’un gouvernement ouvert.  Les Libéraux, les Bloquistes et les Verts adressent l’accès à l’information. Le Bloc est explicite sur la réforme juridique, les Verts veulent plus de transparence et Libéraux offrent des actions. Les Libéraux, Bloquistes et Néo-démocrates appuient la réforme du droit d’auteur tandis que les Verts la mentionne dans le cadre d’étudiants et de leurs capacités de faire de la recherche. Si vous désirez une analyse plus détaillée sur ce dossier, je recommande Digital Copyright Canada comme ressource. Seuls les Verts discutent des licences et les de logiciels libres. L’archivage n’est également pas inclus et il n’y a aucune mention de l’abolition du recouvrement des coûts. Les Libéraux par contre discutent de l’accès aux données en ligne gratuites. Veuillez voir mes écrits précédentes sur le recensement (en ang. et fr.). Les plate-formes parlent beaucoup de la science et je retournerai jeter un œil à ces zones plus tard. Les néo-démocrates ont manqué le bateau sur tous les fronts soient sur les données ouvertes et un gouvernement ouvert.

1) Plate-forme des libéraux

Défendre le principe d’un gouvernement ouvert

Le gouvernement fédéral du Canada doit avoir recours sans réserve aux technologies de l’information et à la large diffusion de données pour améliorer les services fournis aux Canadiens et rendre l’administration publique plus transparente et plus imputable de ses dépenses. Mettre en ligne les données recueillies par Statistique Canada ainsi que d’autres informations gouvernementales – dans toute la mesure du possible et dans la limite autorisée par la loi, notamment en matière de protection des renseignements personnels – facilitera le renouvellement démocratique et contribuera à l’innovation et à la dissémination de connaissances.

Concilier équitablement les droits des créateurs et ceux des consommateurs. La technologie numérique ouvre beaucoup de possibilités nouvelles, mais profiter de contenus sans indemniser leurs créateurs ne devrait pas en faire partie. Parallèlement, les consommateurs devraient être libres d’utiliser à des fins personnelles tout contenu numérique qu’ils possèdent légitimement. Les libéraux ont cherché à faire adopter une loi efficace sur le droit d’auteur, incluant un paiement compensatoire pour la copie privée au lieu d’imposer de nouvelles taxes aux consommateurs.

2. Plate-forme des Verts (anglais seulement)

6.7 Open Government Data

For all public data where there are no privacy, security or other legal concerns preventing the data from being shared, data will be reviewed by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada via Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Act (PIPEDA) and made publicly available under the following conditions:

  • With the highest level of granularity and detail possible which still maintains the privacy of individual citizens.
  • In a timely fashion so that the value of the data is preserved.
  • Accessible to the widest range of users for the widest range of purposes in a nonproprietary format.
  • Machine processable and structured to allow automated processing, without having to mechanically harvest the data before using it.
  • Non-discriminatory and available to everyone without having to register or self-identify
    as being interested in the data.
  • With a license that does not encumber the user, and ideally without a license at all.

1.9 Open source computer software

As computer hardware improves, it is important that software programs are readily modifiable by the people who buy and use them. Developing alongside the proprietary software sector is Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS). This software is generally available at little or no cost, making it very popular in the developing world. It can be used, copied, studied, modified and redistributed with little or no restriction. Businesses can adapt the software to their specific needs.

Under the free software business model, vendors may charge a fee for distribution and offer paid support and customization services. Free software gives users the ability to work together enhancing and refining the programs they use. It is a pure public good rather than a private good.

The Green Party supports the goals and ideals of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) and believes that Canada’s competitiveness in global information technology (IT) will be greatly enhanced by strongly supporting FLOSS. Green Party MPs will:

  • Ensure that all new software developed for or by government is based on open standards and encourage and support a nationwide transition to FLOSS in all critical government IT systems. This will make Canada’s IT infrastructure more secure and robust, lower administration and licensing costs, and develop IT skills.
  • Support the transition to FLOSS throughout the post-secondary educational system.

6.2 Increasing government accountability and ethical conduct

  • Update the Access to Information Act to permit greater transparency of government activities.

3) La plate-forme du Bloc Québecois

2.3.2 Le Bloc Québécois s’assurera que la nouvelle Loi sur le droit d’auteur soit équitable et ne désavantage ni les créateurs ni les consommateurs, notamment en modernisant le système de copie privée en appliquant aux lecteurs MP3 et autres baladeurs numériques des redevances raisonnables en redistribution aux artistes, en abolissant l’exemption du monde de l’éducation quant aux paiements des droits d’auteur, et en reconnaissant le droit de suite pour les artistes en arts visuels.

Loi sur l’accès à l’information La commissaire à l’information est formelle. Le gouvernement Harper ne démontre pas une culture de transparence et cette attitude est dictée par le premier ministre. En effet, son ministère, le Bureau du Conseil privé, passe en revue les demandes d’accès à l’information sensibles adressées au gouvernement, puis les retient et les retarde.

Un employé du ministère des Travaux publics a même ordonné à des fonctionnaires de retarder indûment la publication de documents compromettants pour le gouvernement. La situation est telle que la commissaire à l’information a entrepris une enquête formelle sur trois ministres, dont Christian Paradis, de laquelle pourraient découler des peines de prison.

1.4.2 Le Bloc Québécois présentera au Parlement un projet de loi pour réformer complètement la Loi sur l’accès à l’information.Ce projet de loi, rendu public en juin 2008, est inspiré du projet de loi préparé par l’ancien commissaire à l’information, John Reid, et favorise un meilleur accès à l’information.

4) Plate-forme du NPD

Le NPD s’engage à déposer un projet de loi visant à réformer le droit d’auteur afin que le Canada respecte ses obligations stipulées dans les traités internationaux, tout en s’assurant que les droits des consommateurs et des créateurs soient respectés.

Je n’incorpore pas une analyse concernant la bande passante, facturation à l’utilisation, sans fil, car je n’ai tout simplement pas l’expertise nécessaire pour bien le faire. Par conséquent toutes les plate-formes avaient des positions concernant ceux-ci. De plus, une politique de données ouvertes et d’un gouvernement ouvert exigerait de de la fibre optique pour déplacer toutes ses données et une infrastructure de diffusion devrait être considérés. La plupart des plates-formes ont également inclus des points sur la concentration des médias, qui est aussi associé à l’idée d’un gouvernement ouvert, mais cela est au-delà du champ d’application pour ce poste.

Below you will find excerpts from the platforms of: 1) Liberals, 2) Greens 2) Bloc, and 4) NDP .  They are in order from best to very minimalist.  The Liberal platform is the most developed, the Greens include the key Open Data principles and many elements of open government throughout their vision document, the Bloc includes Access to information and copyright, the NDP only talks about copyright.  I did not include the Conservatives, since they said they would do all these things, with transparency being one of their most important platforms in past elections, and, well we all know what happened, opaqueness, cancellation of the census, decimation of science institutions, attacks on the CRTC, copyright nefariousness, and etc.

The Liberals and the Greens mention open data.  As for open government, the Liberals are the only party to include this in their platform and they hit all the right items: formats, no costs, access, census online, transparency, accountability and actions.  The Greens mention open government data, but not the organizational, culture and policy aspects of open government. The Greens do however include the principles of open data whereas the Liberals do not go into much detail.  In French, the concept of open government is called Gouvernement transparent, the Bloc discusses transparency quite a bit but not framed as open government.  Both the Liberals, Bloc and Greens address Access to Information, the Bloc is explicit about legal reform, Greens want more transparency and the Liberals offer actions.  The Liberals, Bloc and NDP address Copyright reform and the Greens mention copyright in the context of students and the ability to do research.  If you want more detailed analysis on that file I recommend Digital Copyright Canada as a resource. Only the Greens mention open data Licences and only the Greens discuss open sourceArchiving is also not included nor is there mention of the abolition of cost recovery although the Liberals discuss access to free data online.  I already created two earlier posts on the Census (Eng. and Fr.). There is much talk about science in all the platforms, and I want to go back and take a look at those areas as often data issues can be found there.  The NDP have missed the boat on all fronts on open data and open government.

1. The Liberal Platform:

Open Government.

Canada’s federal government must embrace information technology and open data in order to improve services to Canadians and make government more transparent and accountable for public spending. Putting Statistics Canada and other government data online wherever possible, after meeting all privacy and other legal requirements, will strengthen Canadian democracy, help create and disseminate knowledge and spur innovation.

A key element of the Liberal plan for democratic renewal is Open Government. Liberals will adopt a new approach to information, issuing government-wide direction that the default position for all departments and agencies will be to release information to the public, both proactively and responsively, after privacy and other legal requirements are met. This initiative will see as many government datasets as possible available to the public online, free of charge in an open and searchable format.

Furthermore, all Access to Information requests and responses will be posted online. This new presumption of openness will also drive a new level of accountability for public finances. We will establish a searchable, online database for grants, contributions and contracts.
All levels of government, civil society, researchers, business and the public must have access to independent and reliable statistics and demographic information to make informed decisions and develop sound public policy to benefit all Canadians. Therefore, a Liberal government will restore the mandatory long form census.

Fair balance Between Creators and Consumers. Digital technology offers many new opportunities, but enjoying content without compensating its creators shouldn’t be among them. At the same time, consumers should have freedom for personal use of digital content they rightfully possess. Liberals have worked to pass effective copyright legislation, including a private copying compensation fund instead of any new tax on consumers.

2. The Green Platform

6.7 Open Government Data

For all public data where there are no privacy, security or other legal concerns preventing the data from being shared, data will be reviewed by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada via Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Act (PIPEDA) and made publicly available under the following conditions:

  • With the highest level of granularity and detail possible which still maintains the privacy of individual citizens.
  • In a timely fashion so that the value of the data is preserved.
  • Accessible to the widest range of users for the widest range of purposes in a nonproprietary format.
  • Machine processable and structured to allow automated processing, without having to mechanically harvest the data before using it.
  • Non-discriminatory and available to everyone without having to register or self-identify
    as being interested in the data.
  • With a license that does not encumber the user, and ideally without a license at all.

1.9 Open source computer software

As computer hardware improves, it is important that software programs are readily modifiable by the people who buy and use them. Developing alongside the proprietary software sector is Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS). This software is generally available at little or no cost, making it very popular in the developing world. It can be used, copied, studied, modified and redistributed with little or no restriction. Businesses can adapt the software to their specific needs.

Under the free software business model, vendors may charge a fee for distribution and offer paid support and customization services. Free software gives users the ability to work together enhancing and refining the programs they use. It is a pure public good rather than a private good.

The Green Party supports the goals and ideals of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) and believes that Canada’s competitiveness in global information technology (IT) will be greatly enhanced by strongly supporting FLOSS. Green Party MPs will:

  • Ensure that all new software developed for or by government is based on open standards and encourage and support a nationwide transition to FLOSS in all critical government IT systems. This will make Canada’s IT infrastructure more secure and robust, lower administration and licensing costs, and develop IT skills.
  • Support the transition to FLOSS throughout the post-secondary educational system.

6.2 Increasing government accountability and ethical conduct

  • Update the Access to Information Act to permit greater transparency of government activities.

2. Bloc Québécois

2.3.2 Le Bloc Québécois s’assurera que la nouvelle Loi sur le droit d’auteur soit équitable et ne désavantage ni les créateurs ni les consommateurs, notamment en modernisant le système de copie privée en appliquant aux lecteurs MP3 et autres baladeurs numériques des redevances raisonnables en redistribution aux artistes, en abolissant l’exemption du monde de l’éducation quant aux paiements des droits d’auteur, et en reconnaissant le droit de suite pour les artistes en arts visuels.

Loi sur l’accès à l’information La commissaire à l’information est formelle. Le gouvernement Harper ne démontre pas une culture de transparence et cette attitude est dictée par le premier ministre. En effet, son ministère, le Bureau du Conseil privé, passe en revue les demandes d’accès à l’information sensibles adressées au gouvernement, puis les retient et les retarde.

Un employé du ministère des Travaux publics a même ordonné à des fonctionnaires de retarder indûment la publication de documents compromettants pour le gouvernement. La situation est telle que la commissaire à l’information a entrepris une enquête formelle sur trois ministres, dont Christian Paradis, de laquelle pourraient découler des peines de prison.

1.4.2 Le Bloc Québécois présentera au Parlement un projet de loi pour réformer complètement la Loi sur l’accès à l’information.Ce projet de loi, rendu public en juin 2008, est inspiré du projet de loi préparé par l’ancien commissaire à l’information, John Reid, et favorise un meilleur accès à l’information.

4. The NDP

We will introduce a bill on copyright reform to ensure that Canada complies with its international treaty obligations, while balancing consumers’ and creators’ rights.

I did not include an analysis of broadband, Internet metering, wireless, etc.  as I just do not have the expertise to do so.  All platforms had positions here.  Open data and an open government require pipes to move all that data, and these should also be considered.  Many of the platforms also included items on media concentration, associated to the idea of open government but beyond the scope for this post.

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